Sensitivity Study: Hukou Types of and you will Hukou Locality

As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

Which matchmaking is specially solid during the Shenzhen

Total, in addition to supportive proof a beneficial dyadic change, especially in Shenzhen, we also come across supportive research to possess business change, since migrants are more inclined to marry a neighbor hood companion (we.elizabeth., in order to create hukou intermarriage) as their knowledge expands. The results suggest a high likelihood of hukou locality-knowledge change getting low-college-knowledgeable migrants in Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, an equivalent odds of hukou locality-education replace in these a couple cities for college or university-experienced migrants, and therefore aids Theory 3 your straight down likelihood of hukou area-training replace in Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, retains to possess non-college-educated migrants but not to possess school-educated migrants.

Predicated on Model 5 out of Table dos and you can Profile 2 , regional spouses’ knowledge is not with the its diary-probability of hukou locality intermarriage, and therefore dating does not disagree between the two towns and cities

Thus far, i have experienced simply intermarriage ranging from neighbors and you can migrants, as opposed to identifying between a couple of hukou models. Inside our test, residents are mainly metropolitan hukou proprietors while migrants mostly hold rural hukou in locations. Specifically, for the Shanghai, on 85% out of neighbors however, no more than 20% off migrants has urban hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, every neighbors keep metropolitan hukou, however, just about thirty five% from migrants is actually urban hukou holders. The latest logical huge difference regarding hukou type of ranging from natives and you can migrants indicates a possibility of hukou sort of replace within inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou type affects our performance.

Very first, we glance at new shipment off hukou style of certainly intermarriages from hukou area. Due to the fact found for the Figure A1, more than half of brand new couples where two partners disagree in the hukou locality mode homogamy with regards to hukou variety of. This is exactly consistent with earlier in the day results that all Chinese age hukou form of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). Good gender asymmetric pattern out-of hukou interong couples associated with good migrant husband and you can a region wife, only 11% try outlying-husband-urban-spouse lovers whereas 86% is urban-husband-urban-spouse couples. Conversely, certainly lovers where the partner are kissbrides.com lisäresurssit an excellent Shanghai regional citizen while the spouse is actually a beneficial migrant, 45% was metropolitan-husband-rural-spouse people. This means, whenever women that have Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they tend to get married urban migrants, while guys that have Shanghai hukou whom wed migrant women will get married outlying migrants. In Shenzhen, it gender trend is actually less obvious: 26% regarding migrant-husband-local-wife couples keeps a metropolitan partner and you can an outlying spouse, whereas a dozen% of local-husband-migrant-wife couples include an urban spouse and you may an outlying spouse. Such findings suggest that in the Shanghai wedding market, each other hukou area and you may hukou variety of design intermarriage habits, but in Shenzhen hukou style of looks smaller crucial. It after that helps all of our results on the hukou burden becoming more powerful into the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>